What Is the Punishment for Child Abuse and How Can It Be Legally Pursued in Iran?

Introduction

Child abuse is one of the most tragic and sensitive criminal issues in any society. In recent years, various reports of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation of children have raised public concern in Iran. But what does the law say about child abuse? Who can report it? What is the punishment? And how can legal action be taken?

In this article, we explain — in simple language and based on Iranian law — what constitutes child abuse, what the penalties are, and how legal complaints and investigations can be carried out.

What Is Child Abuse?

Child abuse refers to any act or omission that results in physical, psychological, emotional, or sexual harm, or the denial of basic needs for a child.

According to Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents (2020):

“Any form of physical or psychological harm, intentional neglect of health, nutrition, education, hygiene, shelter, or exploitation of a child is considered child abuse.”

Types of Child Abuse

Physical abuse – Beating, slapping, burning, tying, bone fractures

Emotional or psychological abuse – Verbal insults, threats, humiliation, constant fear

Sexual abuse – Unwanted touching, molestation, exploitation in photos or videos

Neglect and abandonment – Denying food, shelter, clothing, hygiene, education, or medical care

Exploitation – Forcing a child into labor, begging, or early/forced marriage

Punishment for Child Abuse in Iranian Law

Based on the 2020 Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents and articles from the Islamic Penal Code:

If the abuser is a parent or legal guardian, the punishment may be aggravated.

Who Can Be Considered an Abuser?

Not just parents.

Child abuse can be committed by:

Parents or guardians

Relatives

Teachers or school staff

Employers

Neighbors or strangers

Iranian law holds any person responsible who harms or endangers a child.

Who Can Report Child Abuse?

Any concerned individual can report child abuse, including:

Neighbors