The Shahram Jazayeri case is one of the most high-profile economic corruption cases in Iranian legal history. Mohammad Sadegh Alemohammad served as defense counsel in this case.
2025-10-05
Sahim is Iran's official civil registration portal, offering online services for inheritance certificates, ID documents, name changes, celibacy certificates, and registration of births, marriages and deaths.
2025-10-03
A capital-market lawyer explains the process for transferring a deceased shareholder's stock to their heirs — and why selling shares after death without notifying other heirs is a criminal offence.
2025-10-02
Alemohammad Law Office helps Iranians abroad resolve legal matters — inheritance, divorce, property disputes — through the Mikhak portal and professional legal representation in Iran.
2025-10-01
How Can Iranians Abroad Legally Change Their Name in Iranian Civil Records?
2025-09-27
How Can My Child Obtain Iranian Citizenship? Everything You Need to Know About the New Nationality Law
2025-09-24
Many Iranians who have acquired a second nationality are unsure whether they are still considered Iranian citizens under Iranian law. This question becomes especially important when dealing with legal...
2025-09-21
Many Iranians living abroad who have acquired a second nationality often wonder: “Have I lost my Iranian citizenship?” or “Can I revoke it?” According to Iranian law, citizenship is considered permane...
2025-09-18
In financial and debt enforcement cases, creditors may ask the court to seize the debtor’s assets to recover their money. However, to protect the basic living needs of the debtor and their family, Ira...
2025-09-15
One of the most frequently asked legal questions is: Can someone who owes money be sent to prison? The answer lies in the Law on the Enforcement of Financial Judgments, which aims to balance the credi...
2025-09-12
In Iran’s criminal justice system, individuals who are ordered to pay blood money (Diyah) may face financial hardship due to the high amounts involved. To accommodate this, Iranian law allows defendan...
2025-09-09
Under Iranian criminal law, courts have the authority to suspend the execution of a sentence, meaning the punishment is not carried out immediately — or at all — if the convict meets specific conditio...
2025-09-06
In many criminal judgments in Iran, the defendant is sentenced to pay a monetary fine or blood money (Diyah). But what happens if the person genuinely cannot afford to pay? Iranian law offers a soluti...
2025-09-03
After a criminal sentence becomes final, the case enters the execution of criminal judgments stage. At this point, penalties such as imprisonment, monetary fines, or flogging are carried out by the ju...
2025-08-31
Conditional release, or parole, is one of the most important legal privileges available to convicts in Iran. It allows a prisoner to be released before completing their full sentence, under specific l...
2025-08-28
In the Islamic Republic of Iran, observing the Islamic hijab is not only a religious and cultural principle but also a legal obligation. As a result, unveiling (removing one’s headscarf in public) or ...
2025-08-25
One of the most common forms of social misconduct that women face in Iran is harassment in public places such as streets, parks, malls, and public transport. To protect women's dignity and psychologic...
2025-08-22
Under Iranian law, which is based on Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia), the consumption of alcoholic beverages (Shurb-e-Khamr) is classified as a Hadd crime, meaning it carries a fixed and non-discretion...
2025-08-19
In Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian criminal law, some of the most serious offenses are categorized as Hudud sexual crimes, including:
2025-08-16
With the widespread use of messaging apps and social networks, many personal relationships now take place online. One of the most frequently asked legal questions in Iran is: Can romantic texting, emo...
2025-08-13
In Iranian and Islamic criminal law, Qazf is one of the most serious offenses. It refers to falsely accusing someone of adultery (zina) or sodomy (liwat) without producing legitimate evidence. This cr...
2025-08-10
In Iran, private gatherings or parties—especially those involving both men and women—can raise legal concerns if certain behaviors take place that violate Islamic or public morality laws. In recent ye...
2025-08-07
With the rise of internet usage and social media platforms, publishing or distributing pornographic or immoral content online has become a major legal concern in Iran. Iranian law strictly prohibits t...
2025-08-04
The term “Moharebeh” (translated as waging war against society) is a concept rooted in Islamic jurisprudence and codified in Iran’s Islamic Penal Code as a serious capital offense. It is typically use...
2025-08-01
(A Complete Guide to Filing Parallel Legal Actions in Iran)
In recent years, one of the most commonly used charges in politically sensitive or media-related cases in Iran is “propaganda against the Islamic Republic.” This charge often appears in files involvin...
2025-07-29
Under Iranian criminal law, membership in terrorist or armed groups is classified as a serious national security offense. Anyone who joins, supports, or cooperates with a group that seeks to overthrow...
2025-07-26
Espionage is one of the most serious criminal offenses under Iranian law, typically involving the collection, transmission, or disclosure of classified or sensitive national information to foreign ent...
2025-07-23
One of the most sensitive criminal charges in the Iranian legal system is insulting Islamic sanctities. This offense is treated with the utmost seriousness, and in some cases, may carry the death pena...
2025-07-20
The term “Efsad Fel Arz” (corruption on earth) is one of the most severe offenses in Iran’s Islamic Penal Code. Rooted in Quranic and Islamic legal concepts, it applies to widespread and destructive c...
2025-07-17
Under Iranian law, one of the key security-related offenses is “conspiracy and collusion against national security.” This charge is typically used in cases where two or more people coordinate or plan ...
2025-07-14
With the rise of online shopping and electronic payments, one of the most common crimes in Iran today is online fraud, including:
2025-07-11
In the digital age, where most of our personal and professional lives are managed through smartphones, social media, and email, unauthorized access to someone’s private data — commonly referred to as ...
2025-07-08
With the growth of social media platforms, many people now share unverified or false news, rumors, or defamatory content online — often without realizing the legal consequences. Under Iranian law, thi...
2025-07-05
In today’s digital age, a growing number of criminal complaints in Iran involve fake Instagram pages, WhatsApp accounts, or websites impersonating individuals or brands. Whether someone creates a prof...
2025-07-02
With the widespread use of platforms like Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram, and other social media apps, many traditional crimes such as insult and threat have moved into the digital space. However, the ...
2025-06-29
With the expansion of online banking and mobile apps in Iran, incidents involving unauthorized access to others’ bank accounts using internet banking passwords or OTPs have increased significantly. Th...
2025-06-26
With the widespread use of smartphones and social media, one of the fastest-growing digital crimes in Iran is the unauthorized publication of private photos, videos, or audio recordings. Iranian law c...
2025-06-23
Many people assume that drug addiction is only a medical issue, not a legal one. However, under Iranian law, the reality is more complex: While addiction is considered a treatable social disorder, the...
2025-06-17
One of the harshest penalties under Iran’s criminal justice system is the death penalty for drug-related offenses. Although recent legal reforms have reduced the number of executions in this area, cer...
2025-06-14
Despite being strictly prohibited by law, some individuals in Iran — either secretly or unknowingly — engage in the cultivation of narcotic plants such as opium poppy or cannabis (marijuana). However,...
2025-06-11
One of the most serious offenses in Iran’s criminal system is the possession, transportation, or sale of narcotics. Due to the devastating effects of drug use on public health, safety, and national se...
2025-06-08
Among the most serious drug-related offenses in Iranian law is carrying drugs inside prisons or vehicles. Due to the high social and security risks, Iranian law imposes harsh penalties, including life...
2025-06-05
Many individuals and families affected by addiction often ask: If someone quits drugs, will they still face criminal charges? Or, if a person is arrested for addiction but enters treatment, can they a...
2025-06-02
If someone gave you a check and it was not honored by the bank, you have the right to take legal action. However, many people don’t know which method to choose, what documents they need, how long it t...
2025-05-30
Many people believe that if a check bounces, they can only pursue it through civil court or administrative enforcement. However, if the check meets certain conditions, the holder can file a criminal c...
2025-05-27
A bad check — also known as a bounced check or non-sufficient funds (NSF) check — is one of the most common financial offenses in Iran. Many people mistakenly treat checks as informal promises, but un...
2025-05-24
One of the most common legal issues in financial and business relationships in Iran arises when someone gives another person a signed or stamped blank document, trusting them — only to later discover ...
2025-05-21
(Detailed Review of Article 8 of Iran’s Anti-Narcotics Law)
2025-05-20
Forgery of commercial instruments like checks and promissory notes (safteh) is considered a serious financial crime under Iranian law. Such acts not only undermine public trust in financial documents ...
2025-05-18
Checks are one of the most common forms of payment in Iranian transactions. However, many people are not fully aware of when and how a check can be legally bounced, or what the legal and criminal cons...
2025-05-15
With the rise of digital banking in Iran, crimes like phishing, ATM card cloning, and unauthorized use of account credentials are increasingly common.
2025-05-12
Money laundering is one of the most serious financial crimes worldwide, with far-reaching economic and security consequences. In Iran, the Anti-Money Laundering Act clearly defines this crime and impo...
2025-05-09
Government contracts involve large-scale financial resources and, unfortunately, are often susceptible to corruption, favoritism, and legal violations. Terms like “rent-seeking,” collusion, unfair bid...
2025-05-06
Tax evasion is one of the most significant financial crimes in Iran and has recently been pursued more aggressively by the government and the Iranian National Tax Administration (INTA). But does every...
2025-05-03
Bribery is one of the most serious and damaging financial crimes in Iranian law, undermining public trust and administrative integrity. In legal terms, receiving a bribe by a government official is ca...
2025-04-30
In recent years, terms like embezzlement, breach of trust, and fraud have frequently appeared in Iranian news headlines and court cases. But what exactly is embezzlement? Is it the same as breach of t...
2025-04-24
When we talk about criminal liability, most people think only individuals (such as a manager, employee, or partner) can be held responsible. But a key legal question arises: Can companies and institut...
2025-04-21
Fraud is one of the most common and harmful crimes in Iran. It often involves someone tricking you into handing over your money, documents, or property using deceptive promises, fake documents, or fal...
2025-04-18
Under Iranian criminal law, theft is considered one of the most serious offenses against property. However, not all thefts are treated the same. The law categorizes theft into different types — includ...
2025-04-15
You might think that only hacking or organized financial fraud is considered a crime. But even if you know someone’s card PIN and withdraw money without their permission — even once, even jokingly — t...
Have you ever found that someone copied your book, thesis, article, or research and published it under their own name—without your permission or proper citation?
2025-04-12
Imagine you entrusted someone — a business partner, a friend, or even a relative — with your money, vehicle, property document, or check for safekeeping or a specific purpose. But instead of returning...
2025-04-06
Illegal property occupation is one of the most common and frustrating legal problems in Iran. You may own a house, land, shop, or even a garden — and someone takes possession without your permission a...
2025-03-31
Imagine finding out that someone has sold your property — land, house, car, or even shares — without your permission, and has even registered a contract or official deed in someone else’s name.
2025-03-28
A criminal complaint is the first formal step to initiate a criminal case in Iran. As the complainant (shaki), you report that someone has committed a criminal act and you request prosecution and puni...
2025-03-25
A civil lawsuit is filed when someone seeks to enforce their rights or claim financial or contractual compensation. 🧾 The goal is to recover money, enforce agreements, or resolve family and property i...
2025-03-22
Before taking legal action, the most important requirement is to prove that money was paid. Acceptable evidence may include: • 📄 Written receipts or loan agreements • 💬 Text messages or online chats (...
2025-03-19
According to Article 103 of the Islamic Penal Code: “In crimes that are prosecutable upon complaint, the case starts with the complainant’s request and ends with their consent.” 📌 Simply put: for cert...
2025-03-16
One of the most serious and complex offenses under Iranian criminal law is document forgery and the use of forged documents. In many cases, individuals attempt to obtain legal, financial, or administr...
2025-03-13
According to Article 650 of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta’zirat section): Any officer or judicial agent who knowingly submits a false report is guilty of a criminal offense. 📌 Even if based on speculatio...
If someone intentionally damages another person’s property — like breaking a car window, destroying a house door, setting fire to a garden, or pouring debris on someone’s land — they have committed a ...
2025-03-10
According to Article 38 of the Iranian Constitution and Article 169 of the Criminal Procedure Code: Torture for the purpose of extracting a confession is strictly prohibited, and any confession obtain...
Under Article 3 of the Law on Aggravating Punishment for Bribery, Embezzlement, and Fraud: Any government employee or official who receives money, gifts, or benefits from a party in exchange for perfo...
2025-03-07
According to Article 523 of the Islamic Penal Code: Forgery is defined as “creating, altering, or manipulating official documents, stamps, or signatures in a way that causes harm to another.” 📌 If a p...
2025-03-04
If a judge, lawyer, or court staff member knowingly violates the law or misuses their position, it can be prosecuted as a criminal offense, not merely a professional or ethical breach. 📌 Iranian law i...
2025-03-01
According to Article 32 of the Iranian Constitution and Article 570 of the Islamic Penal Code: No one may be arrested without a legal warrant or valid reason. 📌 If an agent detains someone without pro...
2025-02-26
According to Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of the Family and the Islamic Penal Code: Any physical, psychological, economic, or sexual behavior that causes harm, humiliation, intimidation, or ...
2025-02-23
Criminal responsibility means that a person is legally accountable for a criminal act, having the mental capacity to understand the nature of the offense. 📌 If a child lacks discernment or has not rea...
2025-02-20
Criminal protection means that if someone knowingly commits a crime against a person with a disability, the law provides for harsher punishment or faster legal response to defend the victim. 📌 This in...
2025-02-17
Verbal abuse and insults through direct messages, comments, or posts
2025-02-14
According to Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents: “Any form of physical, psychological, moral, or emotional harm, deliberate neglect, exploitation, or denial of legal ri...
2025-02-11
According to Article 224 of the Islamic Penal Code: If the perpetrator is aware that the victim suffers from a mental disorder or lacks discernment, and engages in sexual activity—even with apparent c...
2025-02-08
According to Article 669 of the Islamic Penal Code and Article 1 (Note) of the Child Protection Law: Any unwanted sexual contact, stimulation, verbal harassment, or exposure to sexual content involvin...
2025-02-05
Child abuse is one of the most tragic and sensitive criminal issues in any society. In recent years, various reports of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation of children have ra...
2025-02-02
Physical altercations and violent disputes can lead to serious criminal consequences in Iran. Whether the conflict happens in the street, at work, or even within a family, if one person causes bodily ...
2025-01-30
In criminal cases, many defendants are charged with “murder.” But are all murders legally the same?
2025-01-27
“Qisas” is one of the most important and widely discussed concepts in Islamic criminal law. Although many people have heard the term, there are still many questions:
2025-01-24
Abortion is one of the most sensitive and controversial topics in Iranian criminal law. Can a woman legally terminate her pregnancy? Can a doctor perform an abortion with the mother's consent? In what...
2025-01-21
“He cursed at me in public!” “She humiliated me in a voice message!” “He called me offensive names over text!”
2025-01-18
“I’ll kill you if you report this.” “If you don’t pay me, I’ll destroy your business.” “If you speak out, I’ll hurt your child.”
2025-01-15
A certificate of inheritance is obtained after the death of a family member to determine each heir's share of the estate; until it is obtained, heirs cannot sell, divide, or transfer assets, or withdraw from bank accounts.
2024-10-01
All persons are equal before the law and the courts. To guarantee that principle, equal treatment in judicial, quasi-judicial, and administrative proceedings is a requirement of fair process.
2024-09-26
Special government permission for the marriage of an Iranian woman to a foreign man: there is no doubt that a Muslim Iranian woman cannot marry a non-Muslim foreign man, and a marriage is valid and effective only where there is no legal impediment...
2024-09-21
Legal basis of the petition: under the Building Pre-Sale Act, a pre-sale contract must only be concluded through the execution of an official pre-sale deed before a notary public's office...
2024-09-16
The single-sheet property title deed is a type of property deed that, like any other property deed, shows the property owner's ownership, with the difference that property deeds were previously a multi-page booklet, whereas today the format has changed and, in its newest form, has become a single sheet...
2024-09-11
Judicial documents are papers that, under the law, carry particular legal weight in judicial proceedings and form part of a case file's contents. Below are the types of judicial documents and a complete explanation of each...
2024-09-06
Legal basis of the petition: in examining a request for the sale of jointly-owned property, attention must be paid to the lawsuit for partition and division of shared property and its direct connection to the lawsuit for selling shared property...
2024-09-01
A wrongful possession claim is the former possessor's allegation that another person, without their consent, has removed an immovable property from their possession.
2024-08-27
The illegitimate and unlawful transfer of any kind of property (movable or immovable) belonging to another -- whether the transfer concerns the property itself or its benefit -- by a person, whether natural or legal, to another person, in bad faith and through prior arrangements in the form of contracts, for the purpose of unlawfully obtaining material gain, is called the crime of transferring another's property...
2024-08-22
Problems with selling property using a mobayeh-nameh are heard about quite often these days. Many of our clients have sold their property using a mobayeh-nameh, and the buyer, without paying the full price, has fraudulently filed a lawsuit against the seller to take possession of the house...
2024-08-17
It often happens that, as a result of illness or an accident such as a car crash, a person suddenly falls into a coma, and in the meantime their relatives face difficulties in determining the status of their property...
2024-08-12
Inheritance means the transfer of a deceased person's property and assets to their heirs. Entitlement to inheritance is organized into different classes, based on a person's relationship to the deceased...
2024-08-07
Legal basis of the petition: this lawsuit arises in connection with commercial-property lease contracts that carry business/goodwill rights (haqq-e kasb-o-pisheh) and were concluded before 1997 (1376 SH)...
2024-08-02
Legal basis of the petition: to file such a petition, a lease contract must first have been concluded between the landlord and tenant, with a specific date set for delivery of the leased property to the tenant...
2024-07-28
A check is a widely used and important commercial instrument. One important issue is that a check sometimes goes unpaid because it was issued without sufficient funds.
2024-07-23
The municipal duties tariff is a specific directive prepared and issued by the Ministry of Interior pursuant to Article 30 of the Municipalities' Financial Bylaw. Failure to pay building municipal duties subjects your building to a penalty for non-payment...
2024-07-18
Legal basis of the petition for eviction for demolition and renovation: this type of eviction arises in connection with commercial-property lease contracts concluded before 1997 (1376 SH) and subject to the Landlord and Tenant Act adopted in 1977 (1356 SH)...
2024-07-13
Legal basis of the request: a construction-participation contract is a binding (lazem) contract and is not extinguished by the death, bankruptcy, or legal incapacity of one of the parties...
2024-07-08
A general power of attorney is a type of power of attorney in which the attorney-in-fact is granted authority to act in all financial and legal matters. In effect, the principal delegates all of their powers, obligations...
2024-07-03
A power of attorney (vekalat) refers to a contract under which one party appoints the other as their representative to carry out a particular matter. This contract terminates upon the death of either party, the attorney's resignation, or the attorney's removal by the principal, or upon the insanity of either party...
2024-06-28
Important points: 1. Under the law, whenever a person signs an official document, the presumption is that they have accepted the contents of that document, and if they claim they were unaware of its contents, they must prove that claim...
2024-06-23
Company registration is the starting point of a business -- added credibility, access to government benefits and bank loans, lasting brand-building, and eligibility to participate in tenders are among the benefits of registering a company...
2024-06-18
If a property does not have an official title deed and has not been registered with the deeds and properties registration office, and a dispute arises over ownership of that property, the person who purchased it or otherwise acquired it...
2024-06-13
For lease contracts concluded from 1997 onward, once the term ends the lease itself ends, and if the tenant keeps possession without the owner's permission, the landlord is entitled to the rental value (ajr-ol-mesl).
2024-06-08
In a construction-participation (joint-build) contract, the parties agree on costs and responsibility for paying them. Typically, the developer bears all costs of obtaining the necessary permits...
2024-06-03
A mortgage deed is an official document drafted at a notary's office, under which the mortgagor (rahen) or debtor places their property as collateral for their debt in mortgage to the mortgagee (morteh-en) or creditor...
2024-05-29
If, after the lease contract is concluded, or during the lease term, the property comes to require major repairs, the landlord is obligated to carry out the necessary repairs...
2024-05-24
Under the labor laws, after the working relationship with an employer ends, workers and employees who meet the legal conditions are entitled to receive unemployment insurance. One of the most important points to note about the laws in this area is the legal definition of "unemployed"...
2024-05-19
Manufacturers and business owners always choose a name for their products that, once recognized by their target market (customers), becomes their identity. The first step in starting any business activity, whether manufacturing or services, is choosing and registering a trademark...
2024-05-14
The Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran has launched the Sana system for Iranians abroad, and with this system the problems and issues of Iranians residing outside the country will be resolved more easily and quickly...
2024-05-09
One of the problems our dear compatriots abroad face is handling the legal matters they need attended to inside Iran...
2024-05-04
Many people's problems in real estate transactions stem from unfamiliarity with legal issues, which can lead to disputes and lawsuits before the courts.
2024-04-29
The previous article covered legal points relevant to current real-estate transactions under the latest applicable laws.
2024-04-24
Under Islamic law, jurisprudential definitions, and the country's statutes, if a person, whether intentionally or unintentionally, harms the life or physical well-being of another, this gives rise to liability for diyeh (blood money)...
2024-04-19
Under Islamic law, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited under all circumstances. Driving under the influence, in addition to being a traffic violation, is also a separate offense under the criminal laws...
2024-04-14
Air pollution is one of the fundamental environmental challenges, with serious consequences for human health, the economy, and ecosystems.
2024-04-09
Introduction: many people, in everyday life, encounter phrases like 'they slandered me,' 'they lied,' or 'they ruined my reputation.' But are all of these behaviors legally the same?...
2024-04-04
Sexual assault is one of the most serious crimes against a person's physical integrity and dignity, for which Iranian lawmakers have provided severe punishments. But in practice, many people do not know exactly how assault is legally defined...
2024-03-30
Which offenses are pardonable? In Iran's criminal system, some offenses can only be prosecuted on the complainant's accusation, and stop if the complainant forgives.
2024-03-25
Under the Civil Code, people unable to manage their financial or non-financial affairs need someone to help them. Here is who that person is and how they are appointed.
2024-03-20
Under Article 1168 of the Civil Code, raising children is both a right and a duty of the parents. Under Article 1169, the mother has priority until age seven.
2024-03-15
Under the Civil Code, a divorce petition filed by the husband and one filed by the wife follow very different rules. Here are the conditions for each.
2024-03-10
Written by Seyed Amir Alemohamad, attorney at law, on the new mahriyeh reform reducing the criminal ceiling from 110 to 14 gold coins.
2024-03-05
If you don't have a passport, how can you return to Iran? A guide to obtaining a laissez-passer (return document) from Iranian embassies.
2024-02-29
Mahriyeh is property the husband commits, in the official marriage contract, to pay his wife. Here is what it can consist of and how it is collected.
2024-02-24
After marriage, spouses have mutual rights and duties. One of a wife's rights is nafaqa — the husband is obligated to support his wife and children.
2024-02-19
Under Article 1133 of the Civil Code and Sharia law, the right to divorce belongs to the husband. Here is how that right can be delegated to the wife.
2024-02-14
Iranian law sets out specific, mandatory requirements for the marriage of Iranian women to foreign nationals, including special government permission.
2024-02-09
Once a divorce is finalized, spouses become legally and religiously unrelated to one another and owe each other no further marital duties. What about inheritance?
2024-02-04
A perspective from Mahsan Mohajer, attorney at law, on whether Iran's new mahriyeh (dower) law truly protects women's financial rights.
2024-01-30
Clean Air Act -- adopted 25/04/1396 (July 16, 2017), with subsequent amendments. This is a full, article-by-article translation of the statute; readers should obtain current legal advice before relying on it, as Iranian statutes are frequently amended.
2024-01-25
Is selling followers or hacked accounts a crime? A legal review of buying and selling followers, likes, and hacked accounts in Iran.
2024-01-20
A complete legal guide for defendants and debtors in criminal cases regarding exit bans (travel bans) imposed for financial crimes in Iran.
2024-01-15
