What Are the Penalties for Unveiling (Kashf-e-Hijab) and Improper Hijab in Iran?

A Legal Guide to Hijab Violations and Public Dress Code Enforcement

Introduction

In the Islamic Republic of Iran, observing the Islamic hijab is not only a religious and cultural principle but also a legal obligation. As a result, unveiling (removing one’s headscarf in public) or improper hijab (wearing revealing or non-conforming attire) can be considered a criminal offense under Iranian law, subject to fines or even imprisonment.

Legal Definition of Unveiling and Improper Hijab

Article 638 of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta’zirat section):

“Women who appear in public without the Islamic hijab shall be sentenced to 10 days to 2 months of imprisonment or fined.”

This includes complete removal of the headscarf in public places and is classified as a punishable criminal act. In addition, tight, provocative, or revealing clothing that violates public decency may be addressed through fines or disciplinary actions.

Difference Between Unveiling and Improper Hijab

In recent years, authorities have used SMS warnings, car impoundments, and even social service bans to deal with hijab violations.

Legal Enforcement Examples

License plate identification and text message alerts

Summons to morality police (Amniat-e Akhlaghi)

Criminal charges filed in court

Suspension of civil services, vehicle seizure, or travel restrictions

Monetary fines or suspended sentences

Legal Defenses Against Hijab Charges

If a person is summoned or arrested for unveiling, common legal defenses may include:

Lack of intent (e.g., headscarf fell off by accident)