Can I File Both Criminal and Civil Complaints at the Same Time?

A Complete Guide to Filing Parallel Legal Actions in Iran

Introduction

Difference Between Criminal and Civil Actions

To understand dual filing, first recognize the distinction: • ⚖️ Criminal Complaint: Aims to punish the offender (prison, fines, lashes, etc.) • 📄 Civil Lawsuit: Aims to obtain financial compensation (e.g., payment of debt or damages)

When Is Dual Filing Allowed?

If an act causes both a crime and financial damage, you may pursue both:

Fraud → Criminal charge + Civil claim for the money

Breach of trust → Criminal charge + Compensation for losses

️ Forgery → Criminal charge + Invalidation of document + Damages

Do I Need Two Separate Filings?

It depends: • 📌 If you start with a criminal complaint, you may file a civil damages request within the same case • 📌 Alternatively, you can file a separate civil lawsuit • 📌 Sometimes the criminal court refers the civil claim to a separate civil court for decision