Someone Took My Money and Won’t Return It — How Can I File a Complaint?

A Complete Legal Guide to Civil Claims and Criminal Complaints in Iran

Introduction

Step One: Do You Have Proof?

Before taking legal action, the most important requirement is to prove that money was paid. Acceptable evidence may include: • 📄 Written receipts or loan agreements • 💬 Text messages or online chats (WhatsApp, Telegram) • 📱 Voice recordings or admissions • 📑 Bank transfer receipts • 👥 Testimony from witnesses

How to File a Civil Claim for Debt Recovery

If the debtor simply refuses to pay without any criminal intent, you should file a civil lawsuit (Demand for Payment): • 🧾 File a legal petition at a Judiciary Service Office • 🏛️ Submit the case to the civil court in the defendant’s jurisdiction • 🧑‍💼 Provide documentation proving the debt • 📬 Attend court hearings after official notification • ⚖️ Obtain a judgment and proceed with enforcement (e.g., asset seizure or travel ban)

When Can You File a Criminal Complaint?

If the person took your money through fraud or abuse of trust, criminal charges may apply:

Key Considerations Before Filing

• 📍 For criminal charges, you must prove intent to deceive • ⏳ Criminal complaints have strict time limits, act quickly • ❌ If the dispute is purely financial without deceit, courts may dismiss the criminal case • 📑 The language and structure of the complaint significantly impact the outcome